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Membrane-mediated decrease in root exudation responsible for phorphorus inhibition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza

J H Graham1, R T Leonard, J A Menge

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

Plant Physiology
|September 1, 1981
PubMed
Summary
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Phosphorus deficiency increases root membrane permeability, leading to metabolite loss that supports mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal infection improves phosphorus uptake, reducing permeability and metabolite loss in sudangrass.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Soil Science
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) formation is crucial for plant nutrient uptake.
  • Phosphorus (P) availability significantly influences VAM symbiosis.
  • Understanding P inhibition mechanisms in VAM is vital for agricultural applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of phosphorus inhibition on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare Pers.).
  • To elucidate the role of root exudation and membrane permeability in this P-mediated inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Sudangrass was grown in P-deficient soil amended with varying P levels.
  • Root P content, exudation of amino acids and sugars, and K+ efflux were measured.
  • Plant roots were inoculated with Glomus fasciculatus to assess mycorrhizal infection rates.

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Main Results:

  • P deficiency increased root membrane permeability and exudation of metabolites.
  • Higher P levels reduced root exudation and membrane permeability.
  • P-deficient roots showed significantly higher VAM infection rates (88%) compared to P-sufficient roots (<25%).
  • Mycorrhizal infection improved root P content, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced exudation.

Conclusions:

  • Increased root membrane permeability under P deficiency facilitates metabolite loss, supporting mycorrhizal symbiont germination and growth.
  • VAM infection enhances P uptake, subsequently reducing membrane permeability and metabolite exudation.
  • This study reveals a key mechanism by which P availability regulates VAM symbiosis through root membrane properties.