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[The epidemiology of congenital defects in central nervous system development in children]
Insights
Congenital developmental abnormalities (CDA) of the central nervous system (CNS) risk factors were identified. Advances in ultrasonography (US) have led to a decrease in CNS abnormalities like anencephaly and hydrocephalus.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Medical Genetics
- Public Health
Context:
- Studied congenital developmental abnormalities (CDA) of the central nervous system (CNS) over 17 years.
- Included 217,000 newborns and 7,845 deceased children.
- Analyzed data before and after the introduction of fetal ultrasonography (US).
Purpose:
- To identify prevalence, structure, and risk factors for CNS developmental abnormalities.
- To assess the impact of ultrasonography (US) on monitoring and prevalence.
- To track trends in CNS abnormalities over time.
Summary:
- Significant risk factors for CNS CDA include advanced maternal age, pregnancy complications (toxemia, infections), prematurity, intrauterine hypotrophy, and parental ionizing radiation exposure.
- A stable decreasing trend in the prevalence of CNS CDA, anencephalies, and hydrocephalus has been observed in recent years.
- Ultrasonography (US) has proven effective in diagnosing fetal abnormalities, contributing to the observed decrease.
Impact:
- Provides crucial data on risk factors for CNS developmental abnormalities.
- Highlights the effectiveness of prenatal screening via US in reducing birth defects.
- Informs public health strategies for preventing and managing congenital neurological disorders.
Abstract:
The prevalence and structure as well as risk factors for congenital developmental abnormalities (CDA) of the central nervous system (CNS) have been studied over recent 17 years among the newborn's population (217,000 births) and 7,845 dead children of varying age. The stage I work involved a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation up to broad-scale introduction of ultrasonography (US) of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy, the stage II work consisted in an analysis of the genetic monitoring after the introduction of US of the fetal states, comprising the pregnant, which approximated 98%. The significant risk factors for CDA of the CNS were the pregnancy rate (the IV and consequent ones), some types of pregnancy pathology (toxemia of the first half of pregnancy, infectious diseases) as well as prematurity, intrauterine hypotrophy, previous exposures of the mother and father of the future child to ionizing radiation. Over the recent years a stable tendency has been noted toward decrease of both the prevalence of CDA of the CNS among the newborn and dead children and of anencephalies and hydrocephalus, the developmental abnormalities most clearly diagnosed on US.