The Kinetics of Chlorate Uptake by XD Tobacco Cells

The uptake of [(36)Cl]chlorate by the 14U variant of the XD cell line of Nicotiana tobaccum L. cv Xanthi was investigated to examine the use of chlorate as a nitrate analog in transport studies. The kinetics of chlorate uptake against concentration was complex. Evidence was obtained, e.g., by means of nitrate competition, that these kinetics could be resolved into two components indicating the existence of two influx mechanisms: a saturable high affinity transport system (HATS) and a low affinity transport system (LATS) that showed first order kinetics. HATS has an apparent K(m) for chlorate of 0.3 millimolar, and a marked pH dependence. The V(max) dropped about fivefold as the pH was changed from the optimum pH (5.5-6.5), while the K(m) remained virtually unchanged. The activity of HATS was completely inhibited by 15 millimolar nitrate and was less sensitive to chloride. LATS was inhibited by chloride and showed some inhibition by nitrate. It was concluded that [(36)Cl]chlorate can be used as an analog for nitrate uptake studies only in a limited low concentration range where HATS is the main route for chlorate influx.