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Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.Plants and Hypotonic EnvironmentsUnlike animal cells,...
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Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
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Adaptation and growth of tomato cells on the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile leads to production of unique cell

E Shedletzky1, M Shmuel, D P Delmer

  • 1Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Plant Physiology
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Tomato cells adapt to herbicides by altering their cell walls, developing new structures that support growth without cellulose. This shows remarkable plant flexibility in tolerating cell wall composition changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose biosynthesis is crucial for plant cell wall structure and function.
  • Herbicides like 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile can inhibit cellulose production.
  • Understanding plant cell adaptation mechanisms is vital for agricultural and biotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptation mechanism of tomato cells to high concentrations of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
  • To elucidate the structural and compositional changes in cell walls of adapted tomato cells.
  • To explore the flexibility of plant cell walls in response to chemical stress.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum VF 36) suspension-cultured cells to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
  • Analysis of cell wall composition, focusing on polysaccharides and hydroxyproline content.
  • Investigation of the load-bearing network in adapted cell walls.

Main Results:

  • Adapted tomato cells grow in the absence of a cellulose-xyloglucan network.
  • Cell walls of adapted cells show reduced hydroxyproline levels.
  • Adapted cell walls have increased homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-like polymers, cross-linked via phenolic linkages, forming the primary load-bearing structure.

Conclusions:

  • Tomato cells can adapt to herbicide-induced inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis by reorganizing their cell walls.
  • Plant cell walls exhibit significant flexibility, tolerating substantial changes in composition and structure.
  • Phenolic-linked homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan polymers can form a functional load-bearing network in plant cell walls.