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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells
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The stem cell niches in bone.

Tong Yin1, Linheng Li

  • 1Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The bone marrow contains two main stem cell niches: the osteoblastic niche and the vascular niche. These niches regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior, impacting bone and blood disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • The bone marrow microenvironment harbors distinct stem cell niches.
  • Osteoblasts and hematopoietic cells are closely associated, suggesting functional interplay.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized niches within the bone marrow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the architecture of the osteoblastic and vascular HSC niches.
  • To highlight the distinct roles of these niches in HSC regulation.
  • To review insights from animal models and in vitro studies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of HSC niche architecture.
  • Review of studies on osteoblastic and vascular niches.
  • Focus on animal models and in vitro assays.

Main Results:

  • Osteoblasts form the osteoblastic niche, controlling HSC numbers and quiescence.
  • Sinusoidal endothelial cells form the vascular niche, regulating HSC proliferation and mobilization.
  • Signaling and adhesion molecules play crucial roles in niche function.

Conclusions:

  • The osteoblastic and vascular niches have distinct structures and functions.
  • Understanding these niches is vital for treating hematopoietic and bone disorders.
  • Future clinical applications may arise from studying these HSC niches.