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Anther evolution: pollen presentation strategies when pollinators differ.

Maria Clara Castellanos1, Paul Wilson, Sarah J Keller

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada. mcastel@ebd.csic.es

The American Naturalist
|May 4, 2006
PubMed
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Plant pollen presentation strategies evolve with pollinators. Species adapted for less efficient bee pollination gradually release pollen, while hummingbird-adapted species present pollen simultaneously.

Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Evolutionary ecology
  • Pollination biology

Background:

  • Male-male competition influences plant traits, including flower morphology and pollen presentation.
  • Pollen dosing strategies are theorized to coevolve with pollinator characteristics like abundance and pollen transfer efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary relationship between pollinator type and pollen presentation strategy in Penstemon and Keckiella.
  • To determine if shifts from hymenopteran to hummingbird pollination correlate with changes in pollen release timing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of anther morphology across related species with different pollinators.
  • Phylogenetic control to account for evolutionary history.
  • Examination of pollen release patterns in relation to anther maturation rhythms.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Hymenopteran-pollinated species exhibit more gradual pollen presentation compared to hummingbird-pollinated relatives.
  • Anther morphology reliably indicates pollen dispensing strategy.
  • Pollen production per anther is consistent across pollinator shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Pollen dosing strategies in Penstemon and Keckiella are shaped by pollinator type, supporting evolutionary theory.
  • Gradual pollen release is favored by less efficient pollinators (e.g., bees), while simultaneous release benefits efficient pollinators (e.g., hummingbirds).
  • Anther maturation timing can also influence pollen availability, mimicking dosing effects.