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The amelogenin story: origin and evolution.

Jean-Yves Sire1, Sidney Delgado, Marc Girondot

  • 1Equipe Evolution & Développement du Squelette, UMR7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution- CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, MNHN, IRD, ENS - Paris, France. sire@ccr.jussieu.fr

European Journal of Oral Sciences
|May 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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HEVIN is the ancestor of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs). Phylogenetic analysis reveals enamelin (ENAM) evolved from HEVIN, ameloblastin (AMBN) from ENAM, and amelogenin (AMEL) from AMBN duplication.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN), and enamelin (ENAM) are crucial for tooth enamel formation.
  • HEVIN (SPARC-Like1) has been proposed as a potential ancestral gene for EMPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the evolutionary relationships among HEVIN, ENAM, AMBN, and AMEL using phylogenetic analysis.
  • To determine the ancestral origins and duplication events leading to the formation of these key enamel proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled and aligned 22 full-length AMEL sequences with retrieved AMBN, ENAM, and HEVIN sequences.
  • Utilized psi-blast with the calculated ancestral AMEL sequence to identify homologous regions in other genes.
  • Performed phylogenetic analysis on aligned sequences of the four proteins.

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Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis supports a hierarchical evolutionary path: SPARC -> HEVIN -> ENAM -> AMBN -> AMEL.
  • AMEL and AMBN are sister genes, originating from a common ancestor derived from ENAM.
  • ENAM evolved from a copy of HEVIN, with AMBN and AMEL arising from subsequent duplications.

Conclusions:

  • HEVIN is the evolutionary ancestor of the enamel matrix proteins.
  • The evolutionary pathway involved sequential gene duplications, with AMEL originating from AMBN duplication likely before tetrapod divergence.