The effect of acidic and basic additives on the enantioseparation of basic drugs using polysaccharide-based chiral...

The enantioseparation of nine commercially available basic drugs was achieved on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases with the acidic additive ethanesulfonic acid and the basic additive butylamine. Seven different commercially available CSPs were used for the study (AD, AS, OD, OJ, OG, OB, and OC). Mobile phase additives have been proven to be essential in obtaining satisfactory enantio-resolution in terms of both efficiency and selectivity. Significantly improved selectivities were obtained for the basic probe drugs with the acidic additive, ethanesulfonic acid, rather than the basic additive, butylamine. This is best seen with Chiralpak AS CSP. No enantioseparation for the nine drugs was observed when butylamine was used as an additive; however, satisfactory enantioseparation for the nine drugs was achieved using ethanesulfonic acid. Higher column efficiencies were observed with the acidic additive, especially when isopropanol was used as a modifier. Higher sensitivity was also achieved with ethanesulfonic acid because of the significantly lower background at the UV detection wavelength. The acidic additive was demonstrated to be superior to the basic additive for the enantioseparation of basic drugs using seven different polysaccharide-based CSPs. These results are counterintuitive to the common "rule of thumb" in enantioseparation that states acidic additives work best for acidic analytes and basic additives work best for basic analytes. The beneficial effects of acidic additive in enantioseparations observed in this study could significantly improve the applicability of polysaccharide-based CSPs for the enantioseparation of basic analytes.