[Clinical management of deep facial burn]

To explore the better clinical methods for the management of deep facial burn with optimal quality. Methods Fifty-four patients with deep facial burns were enrolled in the study and were divided into delayed skin grafting group (n=48) and early escharectomy group (n=6). In delayed grafting group, after the erosion of new born granulation tissue to the basal layer with blade holder or with peel or eschar shaving method at 3 postburn weeks (PBW) according to the eschar separation and granulation growth status, the whole face of the patients were divided into 10 regions and were then covered by split thickness auto skin. The same treatment was performed on the patients in early escharectomy group at 1 PBW. Physical therapy and plastic surgery were applied after skin grafting, and the patients were followed up from 3 month to 11 years. The first operation time, postburn facial operation time, operation times to repair the whole face, blood content of Hb, the amount of blood transfusion and hemorrhage and the prognosis were compared between the two groups.

There was no difference between the two groups in regards to the first operation time, the total operation times,blood concentration of Hb before and after operation,and the amount of blood transfusion during the operation (P > 0.05). The operation time in delayed grafting group (21.9 +/- 3.2) d was obviously later than that in early escharectomy group (12.6 +/- 1.3) d, (P < 0.05). And there was evidently less amount of hemorrhage during operation(98 +/- 52) ml/100 cm2 than that in early escharectomy group (331 +/- 121) ml/100 cm2 (P < 0.01). The facial appearance of the patients in delayed grafting group was plump with more elasticity and richer expression compared with those in early grafting group. There exhibited different degrees of microstomia and both eyebrow defect in both groups during and after 1 postoperative year. In addition, mild to moderate ectropion and hypertrophic scar on the conjunction of grafted skin could appear in 80% of these patients. These deformities might be corrected by several times of plastic surgery.

Based on the principle of arranging skin grafts according to the cosmetic and functional area units, split thickness skin grafting can provide satisfactory results for the repair of deep burn injury involving whole face when the wounds were treated with eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, granulation tissue scaling, or early escharectomy. In comparison with early escharectomy, eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, or granulation tissue scaling can get better results with less bleeding, full and round facial appearance, more elasticity of grafted skin and richer facial expression appearance after the operation. Meanwhile, effective physical therapy and scheduled plastic surgery after skin grafting can also be very important in achieving cosmetic results in the repair and reconstruction of whole facial deep burn.