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Volume-sensitive chloride channels involved in apoptotic volume decrease and cell death.

Y Okada1, T Shimizu, E Maeno

  • 1Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan. okada@nips.ac.jp

The Journal of Membrane Biology
|May 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Apoptosis involves cell volume decrease via ion efflux. The volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) chloride channel drives this process and blocking it prevents cell death in various conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Apoptosis is crucial for development and disease.
  • Ion efflux, particularly K+ and Cl-, causes apoptotic volume decrease (AVD).
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways activate Cl- conductances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) Cl- channel in apoptosis.
  • To determine if VSOR Cl- channel blockers can prevent apoptotic cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes to identify the AVD-inducing anion channel.
  • Examined the effect of VSOR Cl- channel blockers on apoptosis in various cell types.
  • Investigated VSOR Cl- channel activity in cancer cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

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Main Results:

  • The VSOR Cl- channel was identified as the AVD-inducing anion channel in epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes.
  • Blocking the VSOR Cl- channel inhibited AVD and prevented apoptotic cell death in multiple cell types.
  • Cl- channel blockers also prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis and cisplatin-induced cancer cell apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • The VSOR Cl- channel plays a significant role in mediating apoptotic cell death.
  • Targeting the VSOR Cl- channel with blockers is a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing pathological cell death.
  • The precise molecular identity of the apoptosis-inducing VSOR Cl- channel, distinct from ClC-3, requires further investigation.