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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

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A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
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Contaminants and Errors01:16

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Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
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Electromagnetic tracker measurement error simulation and tool design.

Gregory S Fischer1, Russell H Taylor

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, CISST ERC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. gfisch@jhu.edu

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new simulator for electromagnetically (EM) tracked tools, reducing design time. It virtually tests tool configurations and predicts registration errors before physical construction.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical device development
  • Electromagnetic tracking systems
  • Surgical tool design

Background:

  • Electromagnetic (EM) tracked tools require extensive physical prototyping and testing.
  • Traditional tool design involves numerous iterations, consuming significant time and resources.
  • Accurate registration of EM tools is critical for effective use in various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a virtual simulator for designing and testing electromagnetically tracked tools.
  • To reduce the time and cost associated with traditional tool development cycles.
  • To predict the tool tip registration error for EM tools in specific scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Configuring tool and reference rigid body (RB) configurations within the simulator.
  • Virtually moving the tool around a reference RB in a user-defined pattern.
  • Artificially distorting sensor measurements using a pre-acquired error field map.
  • Refitting the 6-DOF (Degrees of Freedom) frames of the tool and reference to distorted sensor data.

Main Results:

  • The simulator accurately predicts tool tip registration error.
  • Virtual testing allows for design optimization before physical prototyping.
  • The system accounts for specific error field mappings in its predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed simulator significantly streamlines the development of EM tracked tools.
  • Virtual design and testing enable prediction of registration errors, optimizing performance.
  • This approach reduces the need for multiple physical prototypes and lengthy experiments.