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Related Experiment Videos

Concurrent task effects on memory encoding and retrieval: further support for an asymmetry.

Moshe Naveh-Benjamin1, Angela Kilb, Tyler Fisher

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. navehbenjaminm@missouri.edu

Memory & Cognition
|May 12, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Divided attention during memory encoding severely impairs performance. While divided attention at retrieval also impacts memory, its effects are significantly smaller, suggesting retrieval processes are more resilient.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Divided attention during encoding significantly impairs memory recall.
  • Divided attention during retrieval has minimal impact on memory performance in prior studies.
  • The resilience of retrieval processes may be due to less demanding concurrent tasks in previous research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of demanding concurrent tasks on memory retrieval under divided attention.
  • To assess the influence of stimulus-response compatibility and task control on memory retrieval.
  • To examine the role of practice distribution in the resilience of memory retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulated concurrent task demands during encoding and retrieval phases independently.

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  • Varied stimulus-response compatibility and participant- versus experimenter-controlled pace.
  • Adjusted practice distribution for both primary memory and concurrent tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • Divided attention negatively affects memory retrieval, particularly with non-compatible stimulus-response mapping.
    • The negative impact of divided attention on retrieval was substantially smaller than on encoding.
    • Experimenter versus participant control of the concurrent task did not influence memory retrieval outcomes.
    • Memory retrieval showed only a minor impact under conditions of equal practice for both tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • Memory retrieval processes demonstrate greater resilience to divided attention compared to encoding processes.
    • This resilience in retrieval is not absolute and can be diminished by specific task conditions, like non-compatible mappings.
    • Substantial cognitive resources are required to maintain retrieval accuracy under divided attention.