Control of emission by intermolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer and intermolecular charge transfer

Control of emission by intermolecular fluorescence resonant energy transfer (IFRET) and intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) is investigated with the quantum-chemistry method using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) real space analysis methods. The work is based on the experiment of tunable emission from doped 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline (TPP) organic nanoparticles (Peng, A. D.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 2070). First, the excited-state properties of the molecules, which are studied (TPP and DCM) in that experiment, are investigated theoretically. The results of the 2D site representation reveal the electron-hole coherence and delocalization size on the excitation. The results of 3D cube representation analysis reveal the orientation and strength of the transition dipole moments and intramolecular or intermolecular charge transfer. Second, the photochemical quenching mechanism via IFRET is studied (here "resonance" means that the absorption spectrum of TPP overlaps with the fluorescence emission spectrum of DCM in the doping system) by comparing the orbital energies of the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of DCM and TPP in absorption and fluorescence. Third, for the DCM-TPP complex, the nonphotochemical quenching mechanism via ICT is investigated. The theoretical results show that the energetically lowest ICT state corresponds to a pure HOMO-LUMO transition, where the densities of the HOMO and LUMO are strictly located on the DCM and TPP moieties, respectively. Thus, the lowest ICT state corresponds to an excitation of an electron from the HOMO of DCM to the LUMO of TPP.