Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation
Published on: January 27, 2026
Ageism and kidney transplantation
1University of Alabama, Birmingham-Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. jjcurtis@uab.edu
Abstract:
The growing shortage of deceased-donor kidneys and the rapid growth in the number of patients with end-stage renal failure aged 65 years and older is impacting the current policies for allocation of allografts. The utilitarian and egalitarian philosophies may clash in times of limited resources. Organ transplantation can be viewed as a microcosm concerning healthcare issues facing an aging population and limited resources. The limited resources in organ transplantation are not merely financial. The limits on supply of deceased-donor organs will force the transplant community to deal with allocation issues before the more general population faces other limits in health care. Our discussions may clarify some of the problems.
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Kidney Structure
External Anatomy of the Kidney
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...

