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Related Experiment Videos

Retinoids and spinal cord development.

Malcolm Maden1

  • 1MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. malcolm.maden@kcl.ac.uk

Journal of Neurobiology
|May 12, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Retinoic acid (RA) is crucial for spinal cord development, preventing spina bifida and guiding neural patterning. It acts paracrinely, influencing cell differentiation and axis patterning throughout development.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for embryonic development.
  • Spinal cord development involves complex morphogenetic and patterning events.
  • Disruptions in RA signaling are linked to congenital abnormalities like spina bifida.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of retinoic acid (RA) in spinal cord development and patterning.
  • To describe the mechanisms by which RA influences neurulation, neural differentiation, and axis patterning.
  • To investigate the spatiotemporal synthesis and paracrine action of RA in the developing spinal cord.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RA signaling in spinal cord development.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns and signaling pathways involved in neurulation and patterning.
  • Examination of the enzymatic synthesis of RA (RALDH2) and its paracrine functions.

    • Main Results:

    • RA is critical for neurulation, with its absence leading to spina bifida.
    • RA acts as a posteriorizing factor, patterning the cervical spinal cord via Hoxc transcription factors.
    • RA induces neural differentiation (NeuroM) and patterns the dorsoventral axis, influencing neuronal subtypes (V0, V1, LMCs).
    • RA is synthesized by RALDH2 in adjacent paraxial mesoderm and acts paracrinely.
    • RA synthesized within the neural tube at later stages induces differentiation in migrating LMC neurons (LMCls).

    Conclusions:

    • Retinoic acid plays multiple, essential roles in spinal cord development, acting paracrinely at different stages.
    • RA influences key processes including neurulation, posterior-anterior patterning, neural differentiation, and dorsoventral axis formation.
    • Understanding RA's complex functions provides insights into preventing and treating spinal cord developmental disorders.