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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.1K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.6K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.6K
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

128.2K
Overview
128.2K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.1K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.1K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.9K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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RNA folding during transcription.

Tao Pan1, Tobin Sosnick

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. taopan@uchicago.edu

Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure
|May 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

RNA sequence evolution requires folding, structure, and function. Understanding RNA folding during transcription involves studying structure formation, polymerase interactions, and protein influences, facing significant challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA sequence evolution necessitates meeting folding, structure, and function requirements.
  • In-cell RNA folding is directly linked to folding dynamics during transcription.
  • Elucidating RNA folding during transcription demands understanding structure formation, dynamics, and interactions with RNA polymerase and accessory proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research progress on RNA folding during transcription.
  • To identify challenges in understanding RNA folding during transcription.
  • To highlight the need for new experimental and theoretical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RNA folding during transcription.
  • Analysis of factors influencing RNA structure formation and dynamics.

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  • Consideration of RNA polymerase and protein interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant research has been conducted on RNA folding during transcription.
    • Numerous challenges persist in fully understanding this process.
    • Advancement requires novel experimental techniques and theoretical frameworks.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding RNA folding during transcription is crucial for RNA biology.
    • Current knowledge is limited by experimental and theoretical constraints.
    • Future progress hinges on interdisciplinary innovation in transcription and RNA folding research.