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Related Experiment Videos

Structure, function and evolution of the mitochondrial division apparatus.

Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa1, Keiji Nishida, Yamato Yoshida

  • 1Laboratory of Cell Biology and Frontier Project Life's Adaptation Strategies of Environmental Change, Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan. tsune@rikkyo.ne.jp

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|May 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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Mitochondrial division involves a dynamic trio of rings: FtsZ (bacterial origin), MD, and dynamin (eukaryote-specific). Host genomes control this process, which evolved from vesicle division and may have led to plastid division.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics

Background:

  • Mitochondria, originating from endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacteria, possess their own DNA organized into nucleoids.
  • Mitochondrial division (mitochondriokinesis) is crucial for cell proliferation, occurring after mitochondrial nuclear division.
  • The mitochondrial division ring (MD ring) is a key structure observed in all eukaryotes, essential for mitochondriokinesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cytogenetical relationships between mitochondrial nuclear division and mitochondriokinesis.
  • To describe the structure and dynamics of the mitochondrial division apparatus, including the MD ring, FtsZ ring, and dynamin ring.
  • To discuss the evolutionary origins and potential divergence of mitochondrial division mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of electron microscopy studies identifying MD rings in various eukaryotes.
  • Analysis of the relationship between bacterial FtsZ and eukaryotic dynamin in mitochondrial division.
  • Discussion of genomic and proteomic data (e.g., C. merolae genome, TOF-MS) for identifying division apparatus components.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondriokinesis involves a 'dynamic trio' of rings: FtsZ (bacterial), MD, and dynamin (eukaryote-specific).
  • The FtsZ ring is inside the MD ring, with dynamin forming a ring between the outer membrane and the MD ring.
  • Host genomes likely control mitochondrial division, with FtsZ rings digested and MD/dynamin rings mediating final constriction.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial division apparatus is a chimera of bacterial and eukaryotic components, controlled by the host genome.
  • The MD apparatus likely evolved into the plastid division (PD) apparatus in Bikonta and simplified in Opisthokonta.
  • Further research on isolated division apparatuses and their genetic components will elucidate universal mechanisms of organelle division.