Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Trail making test errors and executive function in schizophrenia and depression.

Roderick K Mahurin1, Dawn I Velligan, Bonnie Hazleton

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. mahurin@u.washington.edu

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|May 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of Cognitive Screening in Community Mental Health Clinics Serving People With Schizophrenia.

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Treatment Patterns and Outcomes from OASIS: A Prospective Observational Study of Long-Acting Injectables in Schizophrenia.

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment·2025
Same author

Rationale and Challenges for a New Instrument for Remote Measurement of Negative Symptoms.

Schizophrenia bulletin open·2024
Same author

The COMPASS scale for the assessment of individuals with first episode psychotic disorders.

Schizophrenia research·2024
Same author

Mobile Delivery Program to Prevent Relapse and Improve Functioning in Patients With Psychiatric Diseases.

Journal of psychiatric practice·2024
Same author

Voluntary wheel running as a promising strategy to promote autonomic resilience to social stress in females: Vagal tone lies at the heart of the matter.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2024
Same journal

Unraveling delusional misidentification: A neuropsychological and experimental exploration of a new case of reduplication syndrome.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
Same journal

Characteristics and clinical correlates of objective medication adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
Same journal

Concordance between domain-based neuropsychological profiles and clinical phenotypes in young-onset dementia.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
Same journal

Exploring the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of impulsivity.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
Same journal

Correction.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
Same journal

TASIT super short: Empirical development of a social cognition screener.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2026
See all related articles

Analyzing errors on the Trail Making Test (TMT) offers deeper insights into cognitive function than completion time alone. This method reveals specific deficits in schizophrenia and major depression, aiding in understanding cognitive disorganization.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a common measure of executive cognitive function.
  • Traditional TMT analysis relies on completion time, potentially overlooking detailed cognitive process information.
  • Error analysis in TMT performance can provide richer insights into cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare TMT performance, including errors, across schizophrenia patients, major depression patients, and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between TMT performance (time and errors) and specific psychiatric symptoms and other cognitive tests.
  • To demonstrate the utility of TMT error analysis for identifying cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Compared TMT performance (completion time and three error types: tracking, perseverative, proximity) in three groups (schizophrenia, major depression, healthy controls, n=30 each).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Conducted within-group analysis on a larger schizophrenia cohort (n=84) correlating TMT scores with psychiatric ratings and other cognitive tests.
  • Utilized stepwise regression to identify independent predictors of TMT performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Both patient groups were slower than controls; schizophrenia patients made significantly more errors, especially tracking errors, indicating greater cognitive disorganization.
    • In schizophrenia patients, TMT time correlated with Withdrawal-Retardation, while TMT errors correlated with Conceptual Disorganization.
    • TMT scores showed moderate to high associations with working memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function tests; specific error types linked to distinct cognitive processes.

    Conclusions:

    • TMT error analysis provides valuable information on cognitive deficits beyond what completion time alone reveals.
    • This detailed analysis can help differentiate cognitive profiles in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
    • Error analysis enhances the diagnostic and research utility of the TMT in assessing executive function.