Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026
Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): a scaled version for general practice in Spain
J D Molina1, C Andrade-Rosa, S González-Parra
1Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Hospital R. Lafora, Madrid, Spain. candrader@medynet.com
Background:
The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Hillier in 1979 is constructed on the basis of a principal components analysis of the GHQ-60. When used on a Spanish population, a translation of the GHQ-28 developed for an English population may lead to worse predictive values.
Methods:
We used our Spanish sample to replicate the entire process of construction of the GHQ-28 administered in a primary-care setting.
Results:
Two shorter versions were proposed: one with six scales and 30 items, and the other with four scales and 28 items.
Conclusions:
The resulting GHQ-28 was a successful adaptation for use on the Spanish sample. When compared with the original version, only 21 items were the same. Moreover, contrary to the English version, which groups sleep problems and anxiety in the same scale, a scale with items related exclusively to 'Sleep disturbances' was found.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
01:21Dimensions of Health and Illness
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
01:17Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems related to...