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Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Alifiya S Motiwala1, Lingling Li, Vivek Kapur

  • 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.

Microbes and Infection
|May 16, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease in ruminants and may be linked to human Crohn's disease. This review compares molecular methods for studying MAP's epidemiology.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a chronic gastrointestinal illness in ruminants.
  • MAP is also implicated in human Crohn's disease, although this link remains unresolved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare molecular methods for studying the epidemiology of MAP.
  • To assess the utility of mobile genetic elements, repetitive elements, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and whole-genome comparisons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MAP molecular epidemiology.
  • Analysis of mobile genetic elements, repetitive elements, SNPs, and whole-genome comparisons.
  • Comparative assessment of the discriminatory power, advantages, and disadvantages of each method.

Main Results:

  • Different molecular markers offer varying levels of resolution for MAP strain typing.
  • Whole-genome comparisons provide the highest discriminatory power but are more resource-intensive.
  • Mobile and repetitive elements offer practical approaches for routine epidemiological studies.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular epidemiology studies are crucial for understanding MAP transmission and host-pathogen interactions.
  • The choice of method depends on the specific research question and available resources.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of MAP in Crohn's disease.

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