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Lectin complement system and pattern recognition.

Yuichi Endo1, Momoe Takahashi, Teizo Fujita

  • 1Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.

Immunobiology
|May 16, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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The complement system, a key innate immunity defense, has ancient origins in invertebrates and jawless vertebrates. Its core components have remained largely unchanged for over 600 million years, highlighting its evolutionary significance.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Living organisms possess defense mechanisms against pathogens.
  • The complement system, comprising over 30 components, is crucial for innate and acquired immunity.
  • Pattern recognition proteins like mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins initiate complement activation via serine proteases (MASPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and conservation of the complement system.
  • To understand the role of lectin-based complement pathways in primitive vertebrates and invertebrates.
  • To trace the evolutionary trajectory of the classical complement pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of complement system components across different species.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification of orthologous proteins, such as lamprey N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-binding lectin and MASP.
  • Examination of lectin-based complement pathways in ascidians and lamprey.

    • Main Results:

    • A similar lectin-based complement system exists in ascidians and lamprey.
    • A lamprey N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-binding lectin is orthologous to mammalian C1q.
    • Lamprey MASP is proposed as the prototype for MASP-2/C1r/C1s, suggesting innate origin of the classical pathway.

    Conclusions:

    • The complement system is a highly organized innate immune system in invertebrates and jawless vertebrates.
    • The core components of the complement system have been conserved for 600-700 million years.
    • The classical complement pathway evolved as an integral part of the innate immune system.