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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Naïve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Naïve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: August 22, 2018

AML-loaded DC generate Th1-type cellular immune responses in vitro.

D Xing¹, W K Decker, S Li

¹The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

|May 16, 2006

Summary

This study developed a novel dendritic cell (DC) vaccination strategy using patient leukemic blast lysate to induce anti-leukemia T-cell responses, offering an alternative for patients unable to generate their own leukemia-derived DCs.

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14⁺ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Cell Biology

Background:

Leukemia vaccination strategies using leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCs) show promise but are limited by patient-specific generation challenges.
An alternative approach is needed to broaden the application of DC-based immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate an alternative DC vaccination strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
To generate leukemia-specific T-lymphocyte responses using DCs loaded with patient blast lysate.

Main Methods:

Dendritic cells (DCs) were generated from CD14-selected monocytes of healthy donors.
DCs were loaded with total cell lysate from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient blasts.
Mature, antigen-loaded DCs were assessed for phenotype, phagocytic activity, and ability to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs).

Main Results:

In vitro-derived DCs showed robust phagocytic activity and mature DC phenotype with high expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, and CCR7.
Mature, antigen-loaded DCs effectively induced leukemia-specific CTLs.
CTLs demonstrated specific cytotoxic activity against allogeneic leukemic blasts and autologous DCs loaded with allogeneic AML lysate, sparing HLA-matched controls.

Conclusions:

The study supports the use of DCs loaded with AML blast lysate as a viable alternative vaccination strategy.
Further research is warranted to explore this approach for broader clinical application in AML immunotherapy.