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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Early work with synchrotron radiation at stanford.

S Doniach, K Hodgson, I Lindau

    Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
    |May 16, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP) pioneered synchrotron radiation use for materials science in 1974. This led to advancements in X-ray techniques and the development of dedicated light source facilities worldwide.

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    Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
    10:03

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    Published on: November 11, 2013

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    08:46

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    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
    10:12

    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

    Published on: June 19, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Chemistry

    Background:

    • Synchrotron radiation research began with parasitic operation at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP) in 1974.
    • This marked the first user facility providing synchrotron radiation from a multi-GeV electron storage ring for structural studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review early synchrotron radiation research at SSRP and preceding activities.
    • To highlight scientific accomplishments, instrumentation, and source improvements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized soft and hard X-ray spectral regions.
    • Employed bending-magnet radiation, wigglers, and undulators.
    • Focused on user facility access for materials structure studies.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved significant scientific accomplishments in soft X-ray photoemission, EXAFS, and protein crystallography.
    • Drove development of beamline instrumentation and source improvements.
    • Paved the way for dedicated second-generation light sources and optimized third-generation sources.

    Conclusions:

    • Early work at SSRP catalyzed the global development of synchrotron radiation facilities.
    • The advancements spurred the creation of dedicated second and third-generation light sources.