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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

Golgi Matrix Proteins

Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast
15:02

Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast

Published on: March 24, 2010

Golgi maturation visualized in living yeast.

Eugene Losev1, Catherine A Reinke, Jennifer Jellen

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Nature
|May 16, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The Golgi apparatus cisternae mature over time, supporting the cisternal maturation model. This process explains the transport rate of secretory proteins through the Golgi complex.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast
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Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast

Published on: March 24, 2010

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Golgi apparatus comprises distinct early (cis, medial) and late (trans, TGN) cisternae.
  • Two models, stable compartments and cisternal maturation, explain Golgi structure and cargo transport.
  • The stable compartments model posits long-lived cisternae with vesicular transport, while cisternal maturation suggests transient cisternae maturing sequentially.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly test the stable compartments and cisternal maturation models of Golgi apparatus function.
  • To investigate the dynamic nature of Golgi cisternae and their role in protein transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional time-lapse fluorescence microscopy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Employed pulse-chase analysis to track secretory cargo protein transport.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that individual Golgi cisternae mature at a consistent rate.
  • Observed that the rate of cisternal maturation aligns with the transport rate of secretory proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the cisternal maturation model for Golgi apparatus organization and function.
  • Cisternal maturation adequately explains the kinetics of secretory protein traffic through the Golgi complex.