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Related Experiment Videos

Midsole material-related force control during heel-toe running.

Uwe G Kersting1, Gert-Peter Brüggemann

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. u.kersting@auckland.ac.nz

Research in Sports Medicine (Print)
|May 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Running shoe midsole hardness does not consistently affect impact forces or kinematics. Individual adaptations mean shoe design

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Footwear Engineering

Background:

  • Impact maximum and rearfoot eversion are key indicators of internal loading during running.
  • Running shoe midsole hardness is a critical factor influencing biomechanical responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between midsole hardness, external ground reaction forces (GRF), in-shoe forces, and kinematic variables during running.
  • To determine if changes in midsole hardness predictably alter running biomechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Eight subjects ran overground at 4 m/s.
  • Systematic variation of running shoe midsole hardness.
  • Measurement of external GRF, in-shoe forces, and kinematic variables (e.g., rearfoot eversion, knee flexion).

Main Results:

  • Rearfoot movement, in-shoe forces, and external GRF showed nonsystematic variations with altered midsole hardness.
  • Kinematic parameters like knee flexion and foot velocity at touchdown also varied nonsystematically.
  • In-shoe loading variations were not fully represented by external GRF measurements alone.

Conclusions:

  • Individual runners exhibit diverse mechanical and neuromuscular adaptations to footwear modifications.
  • The effects of shoe design on impact forces and injury risk are individualized and cannot be generalized.

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