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Co-occurrence of developmental delays among preschool children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Aviva Yochman1, Asher Ornoy, Shula Parush

  • 1School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine of Hadassah and the Hebrew University, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|May 17, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant deficits in sensory, motor, language, and intellectual functions. Early evaluation of sensorimotor skills is crucial for identifying these developmental challenges beyond core ADHD symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child psychology
  • Pediatric neurology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • Preschool-aged children with ADHD often present with a range of co-occurring developmental challenges.
  • Comprehensive neurodevelopmental profiling is essential for understanding the full spectrum of difficulties in young children with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively profile sensory, motor, language, and intellectual functioning in preschool children with ADHD.
  • To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes between children with ADHD and typically developing peers.
  • To identify predictors of ADHD classification in preschool children.

Main Methods:

  • A neurodevelopmental test battery was administered to 49 preschool children with ADHD and 48 typically developing controls.
  • Participants were matched for age, sex, and maternal education.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of group membership.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower scores across all tested neurodevelopmental domains compared to controls.
  • Nearly half (47%) of children with ADHD exhibited clinically significant deficits in two or more areas.
  • Verbal intelligence and sensorimotor functioning scores were the strongest predictors of ADHD classification.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool children with ADHD experience multiple developmental deficits beyond core ADHD symptoms.
  • Sensorimotor functioning is a critical area to assess in preschool children with ADHD symptoms.
  • Early identification and intervention for these broader developmental issues are vital for improving outcomes in children with ADHD.

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