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Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity.

Benjamin G Miner1, Sonia E Sultan, Steven G Morgan

  • 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 94923, USA. bgminer@ucdavis.edu

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|May 17, 2006
PubMed
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Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of organisms to change traits, significantly impacts ecological interactions and processes. This research explores how plasticity influences species interactions, population dynamics, and nutrient cycling across ecosystems.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity is a common trait in nature, affecting behavioral, physiological, morphological, and life-historical characteristics.
  • Plasticity influences interactions between organisms and their environments, but its broader ecological impacts are increasingly studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight research on how phenotypic plasticity affects ecological patterns and processes.
  • To demonstrate the wide-ranging effects of plasticity across multiple levels of ecological organization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on phenotypic plasticity and its ecological consequences.
  • Analysis of studies examining plasticity's effects on demographic parameters, species interactions, and biogeochemical cycles.

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Main Results:

  • Phenotypic plasticity alters demographic parameters, influencing population dynamics.
  • Plasticity mediates direct and indirect species interactions, including competition, predation, and coexistence.
  • The effects of plasticity extend to ecosystem-level processes, such as carbon and nutrient cycling.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic plasticity plays a crucial role in shaping ecological communities and ecosystem functions.
  • Understanding plasticity is essential for predicting ecological responses to environmental change and for conservation efforts.