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Real-time language processing in school-age children with specific language impairment.

James W Montgomery1

  • 1School of Hearing, Speech and Language Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA. montgoj1@ohio.edu

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
|May 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) show slower real-time language processing due to inefficient linguistic processing, not acoustic-phonetic issues. This impacts their ability to process words in sentences faster than in lists.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit delayed real-time language processing compared to peers.
  • Previous research suggests SLI's processing lag stems from higher-order linguistic deficits, but requires more evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if real-time language processing deficits in SLI are caused by poor acoustic-phonetic processing, inefficient linguistic processing, or both.
  • To differentiate between sensory and linguistic processing contributions to SLI's language processing speed.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen school-age children with SLI and two control groups (age-matched and syntax-matched) participated.
  • Two word-recognition reaction time (RT) tasks were administered: isolated word lists and sentence-embedded words.

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  • Participants responded immediately upon recognizing a target word in both tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with SLI and age-matched controls had similar RTs for isolated word recognition, outperforming syntax-matched controls.
    • In sentence processing, children with SLI were significantly slower than both control groups.
    • Age-matched controls demonstrated the fastest processing in the sentence task.

    Conclusions:

    • The real-time language processing deficit in children with SLI is primarily due to inefficient higher-order linguistic processing.
    • Inferior acoustic-phonetic processing does not appear to be the main cause of slower language processing in SLI.
    • The findings suggest that the language mechanisms in children with SLI operate more slowly than their linguistic competence might predict.