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Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and coxsackievirus A24v, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2004

Fernando N Tavares1, Eliane V Costa, Silas S Oliveira

  • 1Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|May 18, 2006
PubMed

Insights

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Rio de Janeiro was caused by Coxsackievirus A24v. Genetic analysis revealed the virus is closely related to strains from previous epidemics in South Korea and French Guiana.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious viral eye infection.
  • AHC outbreaks can cause significant public health concern due to rapid spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the etiologic agent responsible for the 2004 AHC outbreak in Rio de Janeiro.
  • To genetically characterize the identified virus and determine its relationship to other known AHC-causing strains.

Main Methods:

  • Viral isolation and identification from patient samples.
  • Partial sequencing of the VP1 gene of the isolated Coxsackievirus A24v.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to compare with global CA24v strains.

Main Results:

  • Coxsackievirus A24v (CA24v) was confirmed as the causative agent of the Rio de Janeiro AHC outbreak.
  • The VP1 gene sequences of the Rio de Janeiro isolates showed close genetic similarity to CA24v strains from South Korea and French Guiana.
  • This suggests a potential common origin or recent transmission pathway for these geographically dispersed AHC outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • The 2004 Rio de Janeiro AHC outbreak was caused by Coxsackievirus A24v.
  • The genetic relatedness of the isolates highlights the potential for international spread of AHC-causing viruses.
  • Continued surveillance and molecular epidemiology are crucial for understanding and controlling AHC epidemics.

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