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Adrenal responsiveness in lactating holstein cows.

F Shayanfar, H H Head, C J Wilcox

    Journal of Dairy Science
    |June 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Adrenal response in Holstein cows to adrenocorticotrophin varied with milk yield, lactation stage, age, and temperature. Glucocorticoid levels increased with lactation stage but decreased with higher milk yield, cow age, and environmental temperatures above 21.1°C.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Endocrinology
    • Animal Physiology

    Background:

    • Adrenocortical function is crucial for bovine health and productivity.
    • Factors influencing glucocorticoid response in lactating cows require detailed investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the impact of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) on glucocorticoid concentrations in Holstein cows throughout lactation.
    • To identify factors affecting adrenal responsiveness, including milk yield, lactation stage, age, environmental temperature, and pregnancy status.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten Holstein cows received ACTH injections at multiple lactation stages (4-40 weeks).
    • Blood samples were collected at various time points pre- and post-injection to measure glucocorticoid levels.
    • Statistical analysis identified influencing factors on the glucocorticoid response.

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    Main Results:

    • Glucocorticoid response was influenced by milk yield, lactation stage, cow age, and mean environmental temperature.
    • Higher milk yield, cow age, and temperatures above 21.1°C correlated with decreased glucocorticoid response.
    • Adrenal responsiveness increased linearly from 4 to 40 weeks of lactation, with reduced responsiveness at higher environmental temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • Bovine adrenal function remains robust throughout lactation, with sustained adrenocortical activity.
    • Environmental temperature significantly modulates adrenal responsiveness in lactating dairy cows.
    • Understanding these dynamics is key for managing dairy cow health and optimizing milk production.