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Related Experiment Videos

Phase segregation in cerium-lanthanum solid solutions.

V Bellière1, G Joorst, O Stephan

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|May 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) shows lanthanum enrichment in cerium-lanthanum solid solutions is a complex, multiphase system, not an averaged surface effect.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Nanomaterials

Background:

  • Cerium-lanthanum solid solutions are investigated for various catalytic and electrochemical applications.
  • Understanding the surface composition and phase behavior is crucial for optimizing material performance.
  • Previous analytical techniques provided averaged surface information, masking intricate phase segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed surface composition and phase distribution in cerium-lanthanum solid solutions.
  • To elucidate the phenomenon of lanthanum enrichment at the surface.
  • To compare the capabilities of advanced microscopy techniques with conventional methods for surface analysis.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution imaging and elemental analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for spatially resolved chemical state and composition mapping.
  • Correlative analysis with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • Lanthanum enrichment at the surface is an averaged effect, arising from phase segregation within crystalline particles.
    • A dopant-rich phase is observed at the surface of a dopant-deficient phase.
    • The limiting solid solution structures were identified with specific lanthanum fractions in the bulk and surface.
    • Coexistence of different phases was observed depending on the overall dopant concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • STEM-EELS is a powerful technique for revealing the multiphase nature of solid solutions.
    • Conventional techniques like XRF, XPS, and XRD provide averaged data and do not capture the complex phase heterogeneity.
    • The study clarifies the intricate structure of cerium-lanthanum solid solutions, essential for targeted material design.