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Mefloquine-induced pneumonitis.

Patrick Soentjens1, Marc Delanote, Alfons Van Gompel

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Travel Medicine
|May 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Mefloquine, an antimalarial drug, can cause drug-induced pneumonia, a rare but serious side effect. A confirmed case highlights the risk of acute lung injury from this medication.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mefloquine is a key antimalarial drug used for treatment and prophylaxis, especially against chloroquine-resistant malaria.
  • Known side effects include gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disturbances, with severe cases involving psychosis, depression, hallucinations, and seizures.
  • Acute lung injury is a less common but reported adverse event associated with mefloquine.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of drug-induced pneumonia attributed to mefloquine.
  • The diagnosis was retrospectively confirmed after a patient restarted mefloquine prophylaxis, acting as an unintentional challenge test.
  • This represents the third documented instance of mefloquine-induced acute lung injury in medical literature.

Findings:

  • Mefloquine can precipitate acute lung injury, presenting as drug-induced pneumonia.
  • The adverse reaction may manifest even after initial exposure, with re-exposure potentially confirming the diagnosis.
  • This case adds to the limited but significant evidence of mefloquine's potential pulmonary toxicity.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider mefloquine-induced pneumonia in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms while on or recently treated with the drug.
  • Awareness of this rare side effect is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
  • Further investigation into the mechanisms of mefloquine-induced lung injury may be warranted.

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