Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Intensive immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis.

M Zaffaroni1, A Ghezzi, G Comi

  • 1Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Az. Osp. S. Antonio Abate, Via Pastori 4, I-21013 Gallarate (VA), Italy. centro.sm@aogallarate.it

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Search for Light Pseudoscalar Bosons, Pair-Produced in Higgs Boson Decays in the Four-Electron Final State in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Evidence for Mixing-Induced CP Violation in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψϕ(1020) Decays in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Measurement of D^{0} Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Heavy Ion Collisions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Observation of tWZ Production at the CMS Experiment.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Exclusive Reconstruction of the B^{*+}, B^{*0}, and B_{s}^{*0} Mesons and Precise Measurement of Their Masses.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in GBA2 associated spastic paraplegia type 46 (SPG46): a phenotypic expansion.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Vibrotactile stimulation induces changes in basal ganglia output, cervical muscle activity, and head posture in a patient with cervical dystonia.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Evaluating LLM diagnostic reasoning: a new frontier for clinical AI assessment.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Asymmetrical muscular disorder with normal creatine kinase (CK) and electromyography (EMG): the challenging diagnosis of muscular polyarteritis nodosa (MPAN), case report and literature review.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Neuropsychological assessment in adult epilepsy: rationale, test selection, and clinical integration across non-surgical care in Italian patients.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Early implementation of transradial mechanical thrombectomy in a primary stroke center: a sequential cohort propensity score-matched study.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Immunosuppressive drugs are utilized for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its inflammatory nature. While effective, their use is limited by toxicity and long-term risks.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, immune-mediated central nervous system disease.
  • Immunosuppressive drugs have been used off-label for MS management for over three decades.
  • Approximately 10% of MS patients currently receive immunosuppressive therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and efficacy of immunosuppressive agents in managing multiple sclerosis.
  • To discuss the rationale, common agents, and limitations of immunosuppression in MS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunosuppressive drug use in multiple sclerosis.
  • Analysis of commonly used immunosuppressants including azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone.
  • Consideration of adjunctive therapies like plasma exchange and bone marrow transplantation.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Several immunosuppressants demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity beneficial for MS.
  • Mitoxantrone is the only agent approved for clinically active MS.
  • Combinations with interferon-beta are safe and under investigation; other therapies are reserved for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosuppressants are most effective in the induction phase of MS treatment.
  • The application of these drugs is constrained by significant toxicity and potential long-term adverse effects.
  • Further research and controlled trials are ongoing to optimize their use in MS therapy.