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Related Experiment Videos

Antithrombin replacement in neonates: is there any indication?

Dirk Bassler1, Barbara Schmidt

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Thrombosis Research
|May 20, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Antithrombin (AT) concentrate therapy in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) did not improve outcomes and may cause harm. Evidence for AT replacement reducing intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) risk is limited, and its role in neonatal sepsis is uncertain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Acquired antithrombin (AT) deficiency and coagulation activation are common in neonates.
  • Hypothesized benefits of AT concentrate for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AT replacement therapy in newborn infants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of RCTs involving AT replacement therapy in neonates.

Main Results:

  • Two RCTs were analyzed; both were placebo-controlled.
  • AT therapy in preterm infants with RDS prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy duration.
  • AT replacement did not decrease the incidence of ICH in preterm infants.

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Conclusions:

  • AT concentrate therapy offers no benefit for preterm infants with RDS and may be harmful.
  • Limited evidence suggests AT administration does not reduce ICH risk.
  • The efficacy of AT replacement in neonatal sepsis remains undetermined.