Using a classic paper by Gottschalk and Mylle to teach the countercurrent model of urinary concentration

Most undergraduates lack the scientific background to read and appreciate much of the primary literature in physiology. Even when the underlying concepts are elegantly simple, the inherent complexity of contemporary papers often makes the work inaccessible to them. However, with a little help, they can be guided to an understanding of the creative thought processes that underlie the research and to appreciate its significance. This is especially true of many classic papers in physiology that often rely on easily comprehensible techniques. Moreover, the American Physiological Society (APS) has invited prominent scientists to select important papers in their fields and to write essays that both put the work into historical context and explain why it is scientifically important. The APS Legacy Project makes these classic papers freely available online. One such paper by Gottschalk and Mylle presents data from a series of micropuncture studies that confirm all of the predictions of the countercurrent exchange model of concentrated urine production (2). The included handout of questions for discovery learning and teaching points suggest ways to use the paper as an instructional resource.