[Training and information in construction in Italy]

C Macchia1

  • 1Dipartimento INDACO, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.

Summary

Worker training and information are crucial for preventing workplace accidents and illnesses. European directives emphasize this, particularly in construction, involving workers, coordinators, and employers in safety.

Related Concept Videos

Reinforced Brick Masonry01:15

Reinforced Brick Masonry

Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
To fortify brick walls...
Quarrying of Stone01:15

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the block.
Stone Masonry01:29

Stone Masonry

Stone masonry is a construction technique that uses individual stones to build structures and can be categorized into two main types: rubble and ashlar. Rubble masonry uses uneven, naturally shaped stones such as river rocks or fragments from quarries. This method often requires the mason to select and possibly shape each stone to fit the designated space, ensuring a proper build, even with irregular stone sizes and shapes. Ashlar masonry, on the other hand, employs uniformly cut stones that...
Placing Concrete01:17

Placing Concrete

The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final position to avoid segregation. The placed concrete is then fully compacted to expel the entrapped air, and the next layer of concrete is laid while the underlying layer is still in the plastic state. The rate at which concrete is placed and compacted is kept equal.
While placing concrete, care is taken to ensure that the concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling and moving concrete using poker vibrators is avoided. Also,...
Shotcrete01:18

Shotcrete

Shotcrete is a specialized technique where mortar or small aggregate concrete rich in cement content is sprayed onto a surface at high velocity. The force of impact compacts the material and enables it to cling to vertical or overhead areas without sagging. The technique involves layering the shotcrete in stages until it reaches approximately 4 inches in thickness. Operator skill in nozzle management is pivotal in deciding the quality of the shotcrete. Shotcrete is used in constructing tunnel...
Finishing Concrete01:18

Finishing Concrete

Concrete finishing starts immediately after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The initial step, screeding, involves leveling the concrete surface by removing excess material to flush it with the formwork's top. Following this, bull float or darby are employed to smooth the surface further, effectively lower high spots, fill low areas, and ensure larger aggregate particles are embedded within the concrete. This preparation is critical before the appearance of bleed water, as its...