Extracardiac tissues and the epigenetic control of myocardial development in vertebrate embryos

During the past few years, research on the developing cardiovascular system has given new insights into the origin and development of the myocardium in vertebrate embryos. In the present paper, a review is given on our current knowledge about two aspects of myocardial development that have been found to depend on signals from extracardiac tissues. These two aspects are, firstly, the development of the so-called heart-forming fields and, secondly, the morphogenesis of the outer compact layer of the myocardial wall.