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Bose-Einstein condensation of incommensurate solid 4He.

D E Galli¹, L Reatto

¹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Physical Review Letters

|May 23, 2006

Summary

Solid helium-4 (4He) may be supersolid if its ground state is incommensurate. This study computed the one-body density matrix, revealing vacancy-induced Bose-Einstein condensation, suggesting supersolid behavior in 4He.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Previous energy simulations of solid helium-4 (4He) could not determine if its ground state is commensurate or incommensurate.
The shadow wave function, a leading variational method, suggested an incommensurate state, but vacancy concentration remained unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To compute the one-body density matrix for solid 4He in an incommensurate state.
To investigate the spontaneous occurrence of incommensurability and its implications for supersolidity.

Main Methods:

Employed an exact ground state projector method to calculate the one-body density matrix.
Focused on the incommensurate state where incommensurability arises spontaneously.

Main Results:

A vacancy-induced Bose-Einstein condensation of approximately 0.23 atoms per vacancy was observed.
This phenomenon occurred at a pressure of 54 bar.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that bulk solid 4He exhibits supersolid properties at low temperatures.
This supersolid behavior is contingent on the ground state being incommensurate.

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