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Related Experiment Videos

Supercurrent-induced temperature gradient across a nonequilibrium SNS Josephson junction.

M S Crosser1, Pauli Virtanen, Tero T Heikkilä

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Researchers measured electron energy distribution in superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions. A sharp, controllable low-energy feature indicates an effective temperature gradient driven by supercurrent.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Phenomena
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions are crucial for quantum electronic devices.
  • Understanding electron energy distribution is key to controlling device behavior.
  • Previous studies have not fully characterized the local electron energy distribution under combined supercurrent and quasiparticle injection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the local electron energy distribution function within the normal region of an SNS Josephson junction.
  • To investigate the influence of simultaneous supercurrent and quasiparticle current on this distribution.
  • To identify and characterize novel features in the electron energy distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tunneling spectroscopy to probe the local electron energy distribution function.

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  • Fabricated SNS Josephson junctions with an additional lead to a normal reservoir.
  • Applied simultaneous supercurrent and injected quasiparticle current to the junction.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed a sharp feature in the electron energy distribution at very low energies.
    • This feature was found to be odd in energy and under reversal of supercurrent or quasiparticle current.
    • The observed feature signifies an effective temperature gradient across the SNS junction.

    Conclusions:

    • The sharp low-energy feature in the electron energy distribution is a direct consequence of combined supercurrent and quasiparticle injection.
    • This temperature gradient is effectively controllable by the magnitude and direction of the supercurrent.
    • The findings offer new insights into non-equilibrium phenomena in superconducting devices and potential for tunable thermal effects.