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Related Experiment Videos

Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective study.

Rebecca Landa1, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer

  • 1The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Autism and Related Disorders, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, MD 21211, USA. landa@kennedykrieger.org

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|May 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) emerge by 14 months, with significant developmental delays and slowing noted between 14-24 months in affected infants. Early detection is crucial for intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pediatric psychology
  • Early childhood development

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis often occurs after age three, despite prenatal neurobiological disruptions.
  • Understanding early developmental trajectories in the first two years is critical for timely intervention.
  • Limited research exists on developmental changes in infants at high risk for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine early developmental patterns in infants at high and low risk for ASD.
  • To identify when developmental differences become apparent in autism spectrum disorder.
  • To inform early detection and intervention strategies for autism.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 87 infants assessed at 6, 14, and 24 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL).

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  • Participants included high-risk (siblings of children with autism) and low-risk infants.
  • Diagnostic groups (unaffected, ASD, language delayed) determined at 24 months via standardized assessments and clinical judgment.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant group differences at 6 months.
    • By 14 months, the ASD group showed significant delays compared to unaffected infants in most domains.
    • By 24 months, the ASD group lagged behind unaffected and language-delayed groups in multiple developmental areas, with a notable performance decline between ages 14 and 24 months.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental variations in autism spectrum disorder are detectable by 24 months using general developmental assessments.
    • A significant slowing of development between 14 and 24 months is characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.
    • These findings highlight the potential for earlier identification of autism spectrum disorder through developmental monitoring.