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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
Published on: December 26, 2017
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction
Monika Østensen1, Munther Khamashta, Michael Lockshin
1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland. monika.oestensen@insel.ch
Abstract:
Rheumatic diseases in women of childbearing years may necessitate drug treatment during a pregnancy, to control maternal disease activity and to ensure a successful pregnancy outcome. This survey is based on a consensus workshop of international experts discussing effects of anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and biological drugs during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, effects of these drugs on male and female fertility and possible long-term effects on infants exposed to drugs antenatally are discussed where data were available. Recommendations for drug treatment during pregnancy and lactation are given.
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