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Lymphomas and leukemias in mice.
1Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook 3, MSC-8135, Bethesda, MD 20892-8135, USA. jw116y@nih.gov
Summary
Mouse lymphomas, common in safety assessment, are often B-cell type and can be induced by various factors. Classifications have evolved, with recent systems aligning mouse models with human lymphoma classifications.
Area of Science:
- Toxicologic Pathology
- Oncology
- Carcinogenesis
Background:
- Lymphomas are frequent tumors in mice used for safety assessments, with incidences ranging from 10-50% in aging mice across various strains.
- Commonly observed are B-cell lymphomas, typically of the follicular type, originating in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node, and Peyer's patches.
- Lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis in mice can be triggered by chemical carcinogens, retroviruses, irradiation, and genetic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the occurrence, induction, and classification of lymphomas and leukemias in mice.
- To highlight the significance of mouse lymphomas in safety assessment and carcinogenesis bioassays.
- To discuss the evolution of lymphoma and leukemia classification systems in mice, emphasizing alignment with human classifications.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on mouse lymphomas and leukemias.
- Analysis of data from safety assessment studies and carcinogenesis bioassays.
- Comparison of different mouse lymphoma and leukemia classification systems.
Main Results:
- Specific mouse strains like CD-1, C57BL/6, B6C3F1, and B6;129 exhibit high lymphoma incidences.
- Potent chemical carcinogens can induce thymic T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas with a single dose.
- Increases in B-cell lymphomas in bioassays indicate potential carcinogenicity of less potent agents.
Conclusions:
- Mouse lymphomas are critical indicators in toxicologic pathology and safety assessments.
- Standardized classification systems, particularly those aligning with human WHO standards, are essential for accurate diagnosis and research.
- Recent classifications facilitate better comparison between mouse models and human cancers, advancing translational research.