Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...

Sources of Food Contamination

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...

Antifungal Agents

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Initial experience of high-fidelity 3D-printed models for training in septorhinoplasty.

Rhinology·2025

Same author

<i>Fusarium</i>: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Studies in mycology·2021

Same author

Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and products.

Mycotoxin research·2021

Same author

The effect of fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: I. The effects on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth.

The New phytologist·2021

Same author

The effect of fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: II. The effects on area of interface and efficiency of P uptake and transfer to plant.

The New phytologist·2021

Same author

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042-1111.

Persoonia·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

Published on: December 21, 2015

Australian research on ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A.

S L Leong¹, A D Hocking, J I Pitt

¹CSIRO Food Science Australia, PO Box 52, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia.

International Journal of Food Microbiology

|May 23, 2006

Summary

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in Australian wines is low, primarily from Aspergillus carbonarius on grapes. Winemaking processes significantly reduce OTA, with fining agents offering further removal.

More Related Videos

Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects

Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects

Published on: April 21, 2018

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.

Published on: February 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

Published on: December 21, 2015

Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects

Harvesting Venom Toxins from Assassin Bugs and Other Heteropteran Insects

Published on: April 21, 2018

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.

Published on: February 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Food Science
Mycology
Viticulture

Background:

Mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) presence reported in Australian grape products.
Surveys indicate low OTA contamination frequency and levels in Australian wines.
Aspergillus carbonarius is the main OTA-producing species on Australian grapes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sources and levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in Australian grape products.
To understand the role of Aspergillus species in OTA contamination.
To evaluate OTA reduction during winemaking and the efficacy of fining agents.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive surveys of Australian wines for OTA contamination.
Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus species from vineyards and grapes.
Analysis of OTA reduction during different winemaking stages.
Testing the effectiveness of various fining agents for OTA removal.

Main Results:

Aspergillus carbonarius, the primary OTA producer, is found in Australian vineyard soil and on grapes.
Aspergillus niger is more frequent but produces less OTA.
Grape berry damage, maturity, and environmental factors influence Aspergillus rots.
Winemaking removes approximately 80% of OTA, mainly during pressing.
Bentonite and yeast hulls are effective fining agents for OTA reduction.

Conclusions:

Australian wine OTA contamination is generally low due to limited primary producers and effective winemaking removals.
Fungal contamination control in vineyards and optimized winemaking practices are key to minimizing OTA.
Specific fining agents can further reduce OTA levels in both white and red wines.