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Related Experiment Videos

Accounting for children's orthographic learning while reading text: do children self-teach?

Anne E Cunningham1

  • 1Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. acunning@berkeley.edu

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|May 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Children learn word spellings incidentally while reading, supporting the self-teaching model. Prior knowledge and context significantly impact orthographic learning in young readers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • The self-teaching model posits that incidental learning during independent reading is key to acquiring orthographic knowledge.
  • Understanding how children learn word spellings is crucial for effective reading instruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test Share's self-teaching hypothesis by examining incidental orthographic learning in first graders.
  • To investigate the roles of contextual support, general cognitive ability, and prior orthographic knowledge in this process.

Main Methods:

  • 35 first graders read English passages with target words manipulated for spelling and context.
  • The study simulated everyday reading to assess learning from correctly decoded words.
  • Regression analyses were used to determine predictors of orthographic learning.

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Main Results:

  • Children demonstrated orthographic learning when words were correctly decoded, supporting the self-teaching model.
  • Contextual support positively influenced the identification of target words.
  • Prior orthographic knowledge and general cognitive ability predicted learning outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide empirical support for the self-teaching model of word recognition development.
  • Individual differences in cognitive abilities and prior knowledge significantly influence the effectiveness of incidental word learning.
  • This research highlights the importance of independent reading for building orthographic competence.