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[Abdominal compartment syndrome].

P Bertram1, A Schachtrupp, R Rosch

  • 1Chirurgische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen. pbertram@ukaachen.de

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|May 23, 2006
PubMed
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Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) involves dangerously high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) causing organ dysfunction. Diagnosis uses bladder pressure measurement, with decompressive laparotomy as treatment, yet mortality remains high.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Abdominal Diseases

Background:

  • Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a severe condition defined by sustained intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) over 20 mmHg.
  • ACS leads to multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with high mortality rates.
  • Primary causes include abdominal trauma, obstruction, infection, sepsis, and extra-abdominal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
  • To highlight diagnostic standards and therapeutic interventions for ACS.
  • To underscore the critical nature and high mortality associated with ACS.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on the gold standard of repeated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurements via bladder pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Therapeutic interventions focus on decompressive laparotomy as the primary treatment.
  • Literature review and synthesis of current understanding regarding ACS pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

    • Main Results:

    • ACS incidence can reach up to 15% in intensive care units (ICUs).
    • Decompressive laparotomy is the established treatment of choice for ACS.
    • Despite treatment, mortality rates associated with ACS remain alarmingly high, up to 60%.

    Conclusions:

    • ACS is a critical surgical emergency requiring prompt recognition and intervention.
    • Effective management of ACS is crucial to mitigate multi-organ failure and reduce high mortality.
    • Continued research into optimizing ACS diagnosis and treatment is warranted.