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Morbillivirus nucleoprotein possesses a novel nuclear localization signal and a CRM1-independent nuclear export

Hiroki Sato1, Munemitsu Masuda, Ryuichi Miura

  • 1Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.

Virology
|May 24, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Canine distemper virus (CDV) nucleoprotein (N) transport involves novel nuclear localization and export signals. These signals differ across morbilliviruses, but nuclear export is CRM1-independent for all.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Morbilliviruses, including canine distemper virus (CDV), replicate RNA genomes in the cytoplasm.
  • Morbillivirus-infected cells exhibit intranuclear inclusion bodies composed of nucleoprotein (N).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic transport of the CDV N protein.
  • To identify and characterize the nuclear localization signals (NLS) and nuclear export signals (NES) of CDV N protein.
  • To compare NLS and NES in other morbilliviruses, such as measles virus (MV) and rinderpest virus (RPV).

Main Methods:

  • Deletion mutation and alanine substitution analyses were performed on the CDV N protein.
  • Characterization of NLS and NES motifs.
  • Comparative analysis of NLS and NES across different morbilliviruses.

Main Results:

  • A novel leucine/isoleucine-rich NLS (TGILISIL) was identified at positions 70-77 of CDV N protein.
  • A leucine-rich NES (LLRSLTLF) was identified at positions 4-11 of CDV N protein.
  • Conserved NLS in MV-N protein, divergent NES in MV-N protein, and conserved NES in RPV-N protein were observed.
  • All analyzed morbillivirus N proteins utilize a CRM1-independent pathway for nuclear export.

Conclusions:

  • The CDV N protein possesses distinct NLS and NES motifs critical for its nucleocytoplasmic transport.
  • Significant variations in NLS and NES localization exist among different morbilliviruses.
  • Nuclear export of morbillivirus N proteins occurs independently of the CRM1 pathway.

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