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Retinoic acid modifies mesodermal patterning in early Xenopus embryos.

A Ruiz i Altaba1, T Jessell

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.

Genes & Development
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Retinoic acid (RA) causes developmental defects in early Xenopus embryos by altering mesoderm differentiation, impacting axial patterning. This suggests RA plays a role in embryonic development beyond initial mesoderm induction.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular embryology
  • Xenopus laevis research

Background:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) is known to cause developmental defects in early embryos.
  • The precise mechanisms by which RA influences axial patterning are not fully understood.
  • Xenopus embryos are a key model for studying early vertebrate development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on early Xenopus embryonic development.
  • To determine how RA influences mesoderm differentiation and axial structure formation.
  • To explore the potential role of RA as an endogenous inhibitor in axial patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of early Xenopus embryos with varying concentrations of retinoic acid (RA).
  • Analysis of embryonic axial structure defects and mesoderm differentiation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of mesoderm induction by peptide growth factors (PGFs) and Xhox3 mRNA levels.
  • Comparison of dorsal and ventral ectoderm responses to PGFs.

    • Main Results:

    • RA causes concentration-dependent defects in anterior axial structures, including head deletions.
    • RA modifies the differentiation of anterior dorsal mesoderm induced by PGFs.
    • RA suppresses anterior dorsal mesoderm, leading to posterior/ventral mesoderm differentiation.
    • RA affects mesoderm character determination downstream of initial PGF induction and does not alter Xhox3 mRNA levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Retinoic acid (RA) significantly impacts Xenopus embryonic axial patterning by modulating mesoderm differentiation.
    • RA's effects occur downstream of initial mesodermal induction, influencing cell fate decisions.
    • RA may function as an endogenous inhibitor contributing to axial patterning heterogeneity in early Xenopus development.