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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Can anatomical and functional features in the upper airways predict sleep apnea? A population-based study in females
Malin Svensson1, Mats Holmstrom, Jan-Erik Broman
1Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head- and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. malin.l.svensson@akademiska.se
Conclusion:
The importance of clinical findings in the nose and throat, including fiberoptic endoscopy during the Muller maneuver, in predicting sleep apnea is greater in normal-weight than in overweight women.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to identify clinical features that could predict sleep apnea in women.
Method:
From 6817 women who previously answered a questionnaire concerning snoring habits, 230 women who reported habitual snoring and 170 women from the whole cohort went through a full-night polysomnography. A nose and throat examination including fiber endoscopic evaluation of the upper airways during the Muller maneuver was performed in a random selection of 132 women aged 20-70 years.
Results:
Sleep apnea was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of > or = 10. The influence of clinical features on the prevalence of sleep apnea varied between normal-weight and overweight women. A low soft palate, retrognathia, the uvula touching the posterior pharyngeal wall in the supine position, and a 75% or more collapse at the soft palate during the Muller maneuver were all significant predictors of sleep apnea in women with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 but not in overweight women.
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