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Allergic rhinitis and asthma in the athlete
1Center for Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Waterbury, CT 06708, USA. ccrandmd@aol.com
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
|May 27, 2006
Summary
Elite athletes face higher risks of allergic rhinitis and asthma due to environmental factors. Diagnosis requires a thorough exam and specific tests, with management focusing on minimal medication for optimal performance.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Allergy and Immunology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Allergic rhinitis and asthma are prevalent in athletes, particularly elite competitors.
- Environmental factors like pollutants, chlorine, and cold air exacerbate conditions in specific sports.
- Elite athletes may have poor symptom awareness, complicating diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of allergic rhinitis and asthma in athletes.
- To highlight the increased prevalence in elite athletes and contributing environmental factors.
- To outline diagnostic and management strategies for athletes with these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of pathogenesis, epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management.
- Emphasis on history, physical examination, exercise challenge, and allergy testing (skin-prick or in vitro).
- Discussion of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Increased prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma in elite athletes linked to environmental exposures during training.
- Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation and objective testing.
- Effective management involves inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists, allergen avoidance, and immunotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Optimal management aims for minimal medication, minimal side effects, and optimal athletic outcomes.
- Adherence to anti-doping regulations and seeking exemptions for necessary medications is crucial.
- Athletes with allergic rhinitis and asthma can pursue their sport without limitations with proper management.
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