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Implementation science: a role for parallel dual processing models of reasoning?

Ruth M Sladek1, Paddy A Phillips, Malcolm J Bond

  • 1Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia. Ruth.Sladek@flinders.edu.au

Implementation Science : IS
|May 27, 2006
PubMed
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Understanding how doctors think is key to improving medical practice. Individual differences in reasoning, particularly cognitive processing, influence how doctors adopt new research evidence into their clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Medical Education
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Evidence-based practice requires understanding professional behavior change.
  • Current strategies for changing clinical practice often lack a strong theoretical foundation.
  • This paper explores psychological frameworks to understand individual differences in doctors' cognitive processing and evidence adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theoretical framework for understanding how individual differences in doctors' cognitive processing influence the adoption of new research evidence.
  • To highlight the importance of psychological factors in medical decision-making and practice change.

Main Methods:

  • Review and application of parallel dual processing models of reasoning from psychology.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of how cognitive capacity and thinking styles may moderate the interaction between experiential and rational reasoning modes.
  • Discussion of the implications for implementing evidence-based practice in medicine.

    • Main Results:

    • Parallel dual processing models offer a framework to differentiate between fast, heuristic (experiential) and slow, rule-based (rational) reasoning in clinical judgment.
    • Individual differences in cognitive capacity and processing styles (thinking styles) affect how these two reasoning modes interact.
    • These dispositional characteristics of doctors are proposed as moderators of new research evidence uptake, yet are often overlooked in implementation research.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthcare change strategies should integrate psychological theoretical frameworks, such as dual processing models.
    • Understanding individual differences in doctors' reasoning can identify factors influencing evidence uptake.
    • Tailoring interventions based on these cognitive factors can improve the implementation of research evidence into clinical practice.